| Rapfen | Aspius aspius | Asp | (Aspius属) |
| Ratan-Grundel | Neogobius ratan | Ratan goby | (Neogobius属) |
| RATTENSCHWÄNZE | MACROUROIDIDAE | ソコダラ科 | |
| Rauchflossen-Makrele | Caranx crysos | Blue runner | クロカイワリ(ギンガメアジ属) |
| Rauer Sternrochen | Raja asterias | Starry ray | (Raja属) |
| Rauhe Meersau | Oxynotus bruniensis (OXYNOTIDAE) | Prickly dogfish | ミナミオロシザメ(オロシザメ属) |
| Rauher Dornhai | Squalus asper | Roughskin spiny dogfish | (ツノザメ属) |
| Rauhschwanz-Stechrochen/Rauer Stechrochen | Dasyatis centroura | Roughtail stingray | (アカエイ属) |
| Rau-Rochen | Raja radula | Rough ray | (Raja属) |
| Rautenfleck-Einstachler | Stephanolepis diaspros | Reticulated leatherjacket | (カワハギ属) |
| Regenbogen-Forelle/ Regenbogenlachs | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Rainbow trout/Steelhead | レインボートラウト(ニジマス)(タイヘイヨウサケ(オンコリンクス）属) |
| Regenbogen-Sardine | Dussimieria elopsoides (= Dussimiera acuta) | Slender rainbow sardine | ギンイワシ(ギンイワシ属) |
| Regenbogen-Stachelmakrele/ Regenbogenrenner | Elagatis bipinnulata | Rainbow runner | ツムブリ(ツムブリ属) |
| Renn-Grundel | Neogobius gymnotrachelus | Racer goby | (Neogobius属) |
| Riemenfisch | Regalecus glesne | Oarfish/King-of-the-herring | (Regalecus属) |
| RIEMENFISCHE | REGALECIDAE | リュウグウノツカイ科 | |
| Riesenfroschkopf-Grundel | Mesogobius batrachocephalus | Knout goby | (?Mesogobius属) |
| Riesen-Grundel | Gobius cobitis | Giant goby | ジャイアントゴビー(Gobius(ブラックゴビー)属) |
| Riesenhai | Cetorhinus maximus | Basking shark | ウバザメ(バカザメ)(ウバザメ属) |
| RIESENHAIE | CETORHINIDAE | ウバザメ科 | |
| Riesen-Kreuzwels | Arius thalassinus | Giant seacatfish | オオサカハマギギ(ハマギギ属) |
| Riesenmaulhai | Megachasma pelagios | Megamouth shark/Megamouth | メガマウス(メガマウス属) |
| RIESENMAULHAIE | MEGACHASMIDAE | メガマウス科 | |
| RIFFBARSCHE | POMACENTRIDAE | スズメダイ科 | |
| Ringel-Brasse | Diplodus annularis | Annular seabream | (Diplodus(アフリカチヌ)属) |
| Ringel-Gitarrenrochen | Rhinobatos annulatus | Ringed Guitarfish | ライノバトス アンニュラートス(サカタザメ属) |
| Ringel-Grundel | Lesueurigobius heterofasciatus | # | (?Lesueurigobius属) |
| Rissos Lachsspierling | Arctozenus rissoi | Ribbon barracudina | ヒカリエソ(Arctozenus属) |
| Rissos Leierfisch | Callionymus risso | # | (カリオニムス属) |
| Robuster Faltenfisch | Chaetodon robustus | Three-banded butterflyfish/Robust butterflyfish | [ロブストバタフライフィッシュ](チョウチョウウオ(カエトドン)属) |
| Rogers Grunzer | Pomadasys rogeri | Pigsnout grunt/Roger's grunt | (ミゾイサキ属) |
| Röhrenaal/Grossaugen-Meeraal | Heteroconger (= Taenioconger) longissimus | Garden eel | (チンアナゴ属) |
| RÖHRENMÄULER | SOLENOSTOMIDAE | カミソリウオ科 | |
| Röhrennasen-Grundel | Proterorhinus marmoratus | Tubenose goby | (?Proterorhinus属) |
| Rondelets Rochen | Raja rondeleti | Rondelet's ray | (Raja属) |
| Rosa Stechrochen | Himantura fai | Pink whipray | (オトメエイ属) |
| Rostroter Halsbandhai | Parascyllium ferrugineum | Rusty carpet shark | (バリオレートテンジクザメ属) |
| Rotauge (Plötze) | Rutilus rutilus | Roach | ローチ(ルティルス属) |
| Rotband-Brasse | Pagrus auriga | Redbanded seabream | (マダイ属) |
| Rotbarsch/ Goldbarsch | Sebastes marinus | Ocean perch | [タイセイヨウアカウオ]/セバステス マリヌス/(メバル属) |
| Rotbrasse/ Kleine Rotbrasse | Pagellus erythrinus | Common pandora | ニシキダイ(Pagellus(ヨーロッパダイ)属) |
| Roter Eidechsenfisch/ Atlantiscer Eidechsenfisch | Synodus synodus | Diamond lizardfish/Atlantic lizardfish | (アカエソ属) |
| Roter Knurrhahn | Chelidonichthys lucernus (= Trigla lucerna) | Tub gurnard | (ホウボウ属) |
| Roter Schleimfisch | Parablennius ruber | Portuguese blenny/Red blenny | (イソギンポ属) |
| Roter Schweinslippfisch | Bodianus scrofa | Barred hogfish/Red hogfish | (タキベラ属) |
| Roter Stechrochen | Dasyatis akajei | Red stingray | アカエイ(アカエイ属) |
| Rotfeder | Scardinius erythrophtalmus | Rudd | ラッド(スカルディニウス属) |
| Rotflossen-Bartmännchen/ Gelbsaum-Bartmännchen | Parophidion vassali | Yellowfin snake blenny | (Parophidion属) |
| Rötliche Schnauzenbrasse | Centracanthus cirrus | Curled picarel/Imperial jerret | (Centracanthus属) |
| Rotlippen-Schleimfisch | Ophioblennius atlanticus | Redlip blenny | (Ophioblennius属) |
| ROTMÄULIGE WALKOPFFISCHE | RONDELETIIDAE | アンコウイワシ科 | |
| Rotmeer-Brasse | Crenidens crenidens | Karenteen seabream | (Crenidens属) |
| Rotmeer-Halbschnabelhecht | Hyporhamphus affinis | Tropical halfbeak | (サヨリ属) |
| Rotmeer-Hundszunge | Cynoglossus sinusarabici | Red sea tongue-sole | (イヌノシタ属) |
| Rotmeer-Husar/ Mittelmeer-Husar | Sargocentron rubrum | Redcoat/Mediterranean squirrelfish | アヤメエビス(イットウダイ属) |
| Rotmeer-Kaninchenfisch | Siganus rivulatus | Marbled spinefoot/Red Sea rabbitfish | (アイゴ属) |
| Rotpunkt-Büschelbarsch | Amblycirrhitus pinos | Redspotted hawkfish | レッドスポッティドホークフィッシュ(クロホシゴンベ属) |
| Rotzunge | Microstomus kitt | Lemon sole | レモンソール(ババガレイ属) |
| Roule's Grundel | Gobius roulei | Roule's goby | (Gobius(ブラックゴビー)属) |
| Roux' Schleimfisch | Parablennius rouxi | Striped blenny | (イソギンポ属) |
| ROVERS | EMMELICHTHYIDAE | ハチビキ科 | |
| Rückenfleck-Anglerfisch | Antennarius nummifer | Spotfin frogfish | ベニイザリウオ(ベニイザリウオ属) |
| RUDERBARSCHE | KYPHOSIDAE | イスズミ科 | |
| Runder Stechrochen/Rundlicher Stechrochen | Taeniura grabata | Round stingray | (マダラエイ属) |
| Rund-Grundel | Neogobius melanostomus | Round goby | (Neogobius属) |
| Rundhering | Etrumeus teres | Round herrinｇ | ウルメイワシ(ウルメイワシ属) |
| Rundnasengrenadierfisch | Coryphaenoides rupestris | Roundnose grenadier | コリファエノイデス ルペストリス(ホカケダラ属) |
| RUNDROCHEN | UROLOPHIDAE | ヒラタエイ科 | |
| Rund-Rochen/ Fyllarochen | Rajella fyllae | Round ray | (Rajella属) |
| Rundschuppen-Marlin | Tetrapturus georgii | Roundscale spearfish | ラウンドスケール・スピアフィッシュ(マカジキ属) |